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Tables are usually used in recovering the plain text password, up to a certain length consisting of a limited set of characters.

MAC addresses are used for numerous network technologies and most IEEE 802 network technologies, including Ethernet.

Logically, MAC addresses are used in the Media Access Control protocol sub-layer of the OSI reference model.

It may also be known as an Ethernet hardware address (EHA), hardware address or physical address.

A network node may have multiple NICs and will then have one unique MAC address per NIC.

As data streams flow across the network, the sniffer captures each packet and, if needed, decodes the packets raw data, showing the values of various fields in the packet, and analyzes its content according to the appropriate RFC or other specifications.

It is also the name of the program for manipulating these addresses in most operating systems.

It will open the configuration dialog box where you can select the desired network interface card.

If you dont include these two fields in the list, the sniffer will not extract relative credentials.

Cain also adds more functionality that allows hostname resolution, Net mask resolution, and Whois information gathering.

The certificate can be used to verify that a public key belongs to an individual.

In a web of trust scheme, the signature is of either the user (a self-signed certificate) or other users (endorsements).

In either case, the signatures on a certificate are attestations by the certificate signer that the identity information and the public key belong together.

This feature can be enabled quickly from Cains toolbar and must be used with APR.

A fixed challenge enables cracking of NTLM hashes captured on the network by means of Rainbow Tables.

In contrast with a brute force attack, where a large proportion key space is searched systematically, a dictionary attack tries only those possibilities which are most likely to succeed, typically derived from a list of words for example a dictionary (hence the phrase dictionary attack).

Generally, dictionary attacks succeed because many people have a tendency to choose passwords which are short (7 characters or fewer), single words found in dictionaries or simple, easily predicted variations on words, such as appending a digit.

Adding a single random character in the middle can make dictionary attacks untenable.

Such an attack might be utilized when it is not possible to take advantage of other weaknesses in an encryption system (if any exist) that would make the task easier.

It consists of systematically checking all possible keys until the correct key is found.

In the worst case, this would involve traversing the entire search space.

A cipher with a key length of N bits can be broken in a worst-case time proportional to 2 N and an average time of half that.

Cain And Abel Cracked The Code

Brute-force attacks can be made less effective by obfuscating the data to be encoded, something that makes it more difficult for an attacker to recognize when heshe has cracked the code.

One of the measures of the strength of an encryption system is how long it would theoretically take an attacker to mount a successful brute-force attack against it.

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